Homo neanderthalensis

Media: 100% Digital Illustration 

           (Software: Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop) 

           (Device: Wacom Intuos Pen Tablet)

References

 

Date, Place: 

• Kramer, P.A. (2011). Human Fossils and Evolution. Department of Anthropology, University of Washington. 

 

Height, Weight: 

• Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. (2014). What does it mean to be human? Retrieved from http://humanorigins.si.edu

 

Visual: 

• Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. (2014).What does it mean to be human? Retrieved from http://humanorigins.si.edu

• Department of Anthropology, University of Washington. (2014). Photographs of casts.

• John Gurche. (2013). Shaping Humanity. Yale University Press. 

 

Documents:

• Kramer, P.A. (2011). Human Fossils and Evolution. Department of Anthropology, University of Washington.

• Klein, R.G. (1999). The Human Career (second edition.) The University of Chicago Press. 

• Aiello, L, & Dean, C. (1990). An Introduction to Human Evolutionary Anatomy. Academic Press.

• Trinkaus, E. (1975). A functional analysis of the Neandertal foot. A dissertation in Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania.

• Trinkaus, E. (1979). Sexual differences in Neanderthal limb bones. Journal of Human Evolution, 9:377-397.

• Musgrave, J.H. (1971). How dextrous was Neanderthal man? Nature 233: 538-541.

• Stewart, T. D. (1960). Form of the pubic bone in Neanderthal man. Science 131: 1437-1438.

• Trinkaus, E. & Churchill, S.E. (1988). Neandertal radial tuberosity orientation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 75: 15-21.

• Trinkaus, E. (1983). Neandertal postcrania and the adaptive shift to modern humans. British Archaeological Reports International Series 164:165-200.